{"id":14534,"date":"2023-03-02T11:51:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T11:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.walkme.com\/blog\/?p=14534"},"modified":"2023-03-02T11:51:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T11:51:58","slug":"good-bad-ugly-surveys-csat-nps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.walkme.com\/blog\/good-bad-ugly-surveys-csat-nps\/","title":{"rendered":"Don\u2019t get fooled again: The good, the bad, and the ugly of surveys, CSAT, and NPS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Did you know that 95% of respondents in a recent survey believed that books should be permanently banned for all students under 16? Perhaps you\u2019ll be shocked to know that only 3% of people in our study believe that oxygen is safe to breathe! It\u2019s a miracle that most folks have made it this far.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may have sensed that the \u201cfacts\u201d above may be deceptive at best. But what do you do when the misleading outcomes of your data aren\u2019t as obvious? The challenge for many of us in enterprise technology, lies in the subtle ways that bias, errors, and misattribution are lurking in our very own research.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many of us aspire to be \u2018data driven\u2019, hypothesis led, or outcome oriented, yet<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2022\/02\/why-becoming-a-data-driven-organization-is-so-hard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> organizations still lack the analytics tools, knowledge, and resources that data driven teams require to make decisions, measure outcomes, and identify problems. At the same time, that hasn\u2019t reduced pressure on said teams to deliver impact reports, defend P&amp;L, and advocate for additional resources. That\u2019s led to the rise, and sometimes folly, of everyone\u2019s beloved dataset \u2013 the survey.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While survey data is an ubiquitous and valuable tool in the hands of statisticians and researchers, it\u2019s too easy (and tempting) to end up with a data story that\u2019s less fact and more fiction. Here\u2019s why and what to do instead.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Rise of CSAT and NPS<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019ve been using surveys in a large (or small) organization, there\u2019s a good chance CSAT and NPS are floating around your data vocabulary list. Being able to understand how folks feel about something is at the heart of what surveys are intended to do and CSAT may possibly be the one of the most ubiquitous methods of collecting that information. Customer SATisfaction, or CSAT as we know it, is gold when it comes to standardizing the way we ask \u201cdoes this meet your needs?\u201d whereas Net Promoter Score (or NPS) has been used to gauge whether you like a product so much you\u2019d recommend it to someone else.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The benefits of using these types of surveys have led to the widespread adoption of survey tools. Benefits such as predicting and improving customer churn, identifying frictions areas in a product and even boosting employee engagement, and more.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whatever it is you\u2019re trying to measure, baseline, or report on, CSAT and NPS are a great way to turn feelings and sentiment into quantifiable data you can measure, report on and eventually optimize! That\u2019s probably why they\u2019re so commonly used across different product types, companies and organizations.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Know your data types<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data is all around us as little more than information we can use to make informed decisions. As broad as the overall revenue of your organization, and as narrow as the rate at which paper gets passed through a commercial printer. But if it\u2019s been a while since your last statistics course, let\u2019s remember that broadly speaking, there\u2019s two types of data: Qualitative and Quantitative.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nnlm.gov\/guides\/data-glossary\/qualitative-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qualitative data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is typically descriptive and unstructured information we can gather from newspapers, captain\u2019s logs, and journals. Think about the \u2018is there anything else you\u2019d like to tell us\u2019 field in a survey, it\u2019s descriptive and informative, but requires a lot of work to process into broad consensus. If it can be felt or described, it\u2019s qualitative. It\u2019s really helpful for understanding the personal experiences of a customer, or employee when you need to research motivation behind an action, or better understand the \u201cwhy\u201d behind the \u201cwhat.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nnlm.gov\/guides\/data-glossary\/quantitative-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quantitative data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the other hand is numerical in nature and can be counted. Product managers may want to understand how many customers use a particular feature, or IT managers may need to report on the number of active users to measure license utilization of a piece of software. This numbers based research is intended to provide broad, number based data which is great for understanding what\u2019s happening but also critical for measuring change over time.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wait a minute &#8211; wasn\u2019t NPS developed to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">quantify<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> customer and user sentiment?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s a little story about the history of NPS. While at Bain &amp; Co,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bain.com\/about\/media-center\/bain-in-the-news\/2016\/the-inventor-of-customer-satisfaction-surveys-is-sick-of-them-too\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fred Reicheld suggested using a brief survey to test and understand brand loyalty<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That idea spurred what is now known as the NPS survey which blossomed into surveys, pop ups, emails, push notifications, text messages, airport cleanliness buttons and even a $5B+ behemoth of survey focused technology firms based on the premise that asking people what they think will help drive your business forward.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At its inception, NPS was a fantastic tool. It was used to predict brand loyalty, identify areas of improvement, and established itself as a leading indicator aimed at measuring brand success. It proved to be a valuable tool to validate the effect of marketing campaigns, promotional incentives and ultimately led brands and companies to a path of success as they iterated product offerings and built customer experiences around the critical metric.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea behind NPS, and the long history of surveys before it, is that in order to implement a level of analysis for qualitative data (ie. how do you feel), there needed to be a way to quantify it somehow (ie. how many people feel that way) so what we have on hand, is a tool that allows us to measure, count, and analyze the data behind how people feel about a certain thing. Hooray for surveys!<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The problem with CSAT and NPS<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re sick of submitting surveys, providing feedback, or checking a box, you\u2019re not alone. Over the last 20 years, typical response survey response rates have gone from 36% to 9% and keep dropping. That trend is spilling into our work lives as well. If you\u2019ve sent out a survey to someone at your company, think about what your response rate was.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That\u2019s a tricky problem when it comes to surveys, be it CSAT or any other. You see, in academia, particularly in the fields of psychology, sociology, and political sciences, the survey has grown to be a critical tool to get into the hearts and minds of populations. There\u2019s no other way to quantify how many people feel a certain way about a political candidate, or particular policy other than polling. Still, there are critical concepts in place to ensure the survey data collected is viable such as<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2016\/02\/a-refresher-on-statistical-significance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">significance testing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\/blog\/calculating-sample-size\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sample size calculation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/delighted.com\/blog\/avoid-7-types-sampling-response-survey-bias\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bias mitigation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those same controls and statistical significance aren\u2019t embedded into a typical organization\u2019s CSAT survey the way they are at, say, an academic research institution.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/inclusive-software\/why-do-organizations-avoid-qualitative-research-4dd18716d357\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Concerns over the rapid use and reliance of survey data<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by corporations, internal teams, marketing teams, and customer success teams has caused a gap between what the survey data says, and what your customer\u2019s really mean.\u00a0 Furthermore, according to ADA,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ada.cx\/csat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">they caution not use CSAT to predict net-retention due to lack of correlation!<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In fact, in Fred Reichheld\u2019s book (yes, the NPS guy), he reported that groups that relied<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/kayako.com\/blog\/customer-satisfaction\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">solely on CSAT saw churn rates of 60-80% even as their scores were in the top 80%<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wait, why are we using surveys anyway?<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ve come a long way since the first surveys were used in the 18th and 19th century. Specifically, something that\u2019s near and dear to your hearts, the rise of digital experiences. Perhaps the most exciting aspect of the digital experience is that it can be measured. Unlike the days of yore, when we had to survey folks to understand how often they accessed a particular file, or the average length of time it took to file an application, the transformation of digital experiences heralded new tools, new data, new methods.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web analytics allowed commerce managers to understand the frequency in which consumers purchase products, the rate of cart abandonment (how often they change their minds), and popularity of products.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Product and UX analytics ushered in a new era of understanding as product managers and startup founders started to lean on metrics such as daily active usage, user retention, and conversion optimization coined by behavioral analytics pioneers like<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hEp8ttE7WVc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dave McClure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> who developed Pirate Metrics, and Eric Reis who wrote the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theleanstartup.com\/principles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lean Startup<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The promise of digital transformation led to something unique and new in terms of how organizations could measure user behavior &#8211; they could actually measure it! By now, many of us are familiar with cookies, internet analytics, etc, but the fact is that we often forget to tap into the very real, very available data we can use when trying to get to the \u2018why\u2019 behind \u2018what\u2019 someone is telling me in a survey.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clicks on a form, views on a page aren\u2019t mathematical data points used to count the number of views, likes, or audience reach. They can inform product managers, operations analysts, and digital transformation managers about the actual journeys and experiences we\u2019re reading about in user survey data. That\u2019s why Behavioral Analytics gives us a powerful view that survey researchers only dreamed of.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><b>Digital Transformation has unlocked Behavioral Analytics<\/b><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Behavioral analytics provides a more comprehensive view of the customer experience by combining qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data about customer behavior, preferences, and opinions. It goes beyond traditional survey methods, which moves beyond self-reported data, and instead captures actual customer behavior through various data sources such as website analytics, customer support interactions, and transactional data.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By analyzing this data, behavioral analytics can provide a more complete picture of the customer experience, including what they do, which can be directly compared to what they say, (and what they feel.) This can help organizations\u00a0 better understand user motivations, needs, and pain points, and to make informed and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">measurable<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> decisions about how to improve the customer experience and digital transformation efforts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Measuring user adoption <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">quantitatively<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is an important step in evaluating the effectiveness of your software investments. Here are some specific data points that organizations should use to validate survey feedback by employees:<\/span><\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Login and Usage Frequency: The number of logins and the frequency of usage can provide a clear picture of how often employees are using the software.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Active User Count: Tracking the number of active users can give organizations a clear picture of how many employees are using the software.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.walkme.com\/blog\/how-to-measure-leading-vs-lagging-indicators-of-your-digital-initiatives\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Digital Adoption Metrics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In-application metrics such as the time spent using the software, the number of tasks completed, and the frequency of interactions with processes users can provide valuable insights into how employees are using the software and how engaged they are with it.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technical Metrics: Technical metrics such as the number of errors and crashes, the load time of the software, and the overall performance of the software.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In conclusion, next time you\u2019re looking for data, don\u2019t get fooled, paint a complete picture so you can make better decisions.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What you can do to get more out of your CSAT, Surveys and NPS tools today<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consider surveys a piece of your data puzzle. Combine them with behavioral data, system data, and qualitative interviewing to develop a full picture.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hold yourself accountable to misleading data by ensuring a large enough sample size.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure your questions are free of bias and misleading questions<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Compare \u2018what people say\u2019 to \u2018what people do\u2019 to spot check the accuracy of your user\u2019s responses.<\/span><\/li>\r\n\t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CSAT and Survey scores should not be your goal, and instead used as indicators and research tools.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Did you know that 95% of respondents in a recent survey believed that books should be permanently banned for all<span class=\"moretag\">&#8230;<\/span>","protected":false},"author":161,"featured_media":14536,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"mobile_image_id":0,"tablet_image_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,89],"tags":[165,541,559],"class_list":["post-14534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-change-management","category-digital-transformation","tag-change-management","tag-digital-tranformation","tag-survey"],"acf":{"__coauthors":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Don\u2019t get fooled again: The good, the bad, and the ugly of surveys, CSAT, and NPS - WalkMe Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Survey data is invaluable for statisticians &amp; researchers. 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